FAA S 8081 14AS - Private Pilot Practical Test Standards for Airplane Single-Engine Land & Sea.

Practical Test Standards are a guide for students, instructors, and FAA-designated examiners to know what is expected of pilots in a checkride.

Every PTS is written by the FAA and details the type and levels of skill and knowledge that must be demonstrated before an examiner can issue a certificate or rating to an applicant, and describes background study and reference materials.